William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew Essay -- Shakespeare Tam

William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew In the start of â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†, some state Shakespeare depicts Katherina as an exceptionally petulant figure. Others may contend that she isn't irritable yet only an extremely solid willed individual. Toward the finish of the play a few people say she is changed into an extremely kind and delicate individual, while again others will contend that she isn't â€Å"tamed† yet simply faking it to â€Å"show up† her more youthful sister Bianca, whom has consistently been progressively wonderful and beguiling. Kate is â€Å"like a wasp, similar to a foal, similar to foal that kicks from his bridle; perky, brisk and decided, however loaded with great heart.† 1. This announcement made by one creator, shows obviously that he doesn't consider her to be wench like, even toward the start of the play. A similar creator expresses that toward the finish of the play she has not so much changed, rather she has quite recently gone gaga for Petruchio, basicall y she is liberated from torment since she is no longer observed as the wench.      In the start of the play Kate is â€Å"consistently contrary to everything around her†2, in the mean time â€Å"Bianca obeys so delicately and with such sweet accommodation that it is clear why she is Baptista’s most loved daughter†2. Toward the finish of the play, the jobs switch and Katherina is accommodating to each expression of Petruchio and Bianca opposes the orders of her new spouse.      Kate’s first response to Petruchio, her â€Å"mad wooer†, is self indulgence, and even her dad feels that his treatment of her would â€Å"vex a saint†. He removes her from the home she is utilized to, with workers and house cleaners to attend to her in every way under the sun, to the nation. There she is away from the lavish town life and is chilly, ravenous and tired. She to some degree figures out how to watch her temper and obey Petruchio so he will take care of her so she can endure calmly as opposed to hopelessly. I accept that his technique for subduing her isn't remorseless yet extremely compelling. He gives her that she can get a lot farther and carry on with life significantly more joyful in the event that she is decent and â€Å"entreats† him instead of battling him.      One creator (design in cover) says that Shakespeare sees Katherine and Petruchio as in all consuming, instant adoration. He says that their battles are mostly similar to a game and incompletely a matter of vanity. He sees Katherine as â€Å"testing† Petruchio ensuring he is â€Å"man† enough to endure the most exceedingly terrible of her and end up being the spouse she requires. Petruchio acknowledge... ...y. She might be accommodating to him, and yet, he is similarly as accommodating to her. I believe that he didn’t just agreeable her, yet she restrained and controls him by make and not viciousness. Katherina isn't the just one in the play to experience a change. Petruchio, in the first place went to charm Katherina just for cash. He was offered a share by Seignior Baptista to â€Å"get free of† Kate so he could marry his more youthful little girl Bianca to one of her numerous admirers. Before the finish of the play, it is clarified that Petruchio excessively changed and had begun to look all starry eyed at Kate. The relationship that they have toward the finish of the play is really love. The two of them are eager to change to make each other upbeat and the two of them attempt inside and out to make harmony in their family. The unexpected piece of the play is that the two of them imagine that they have authority over the other one.      All in all Katherina experiences a total transformation from the earliest starting point of the play to the furthest limit of the play. She begins a young lady, acting like foal attempting to kick liberated from her bridle and winds up a compliant, sweet, delicate and kind lady, whom is controlled at this point, controls her better half Petruchio, whom she winds up adoring profoundly. William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew Essay - Shakespeare Tam William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew In the start of â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†, some state Shakespeare depicts Katherina as an exceptionally irritable figure. Others may contend that she isn't irritable however only an exceptionally solid willed individual. Toward the finish of the play a few people say she is changed into an extremely kind and delicate individual, while again others will contend that she isn't â€Å"tamed† yet simply faking it to â€Å"show up† her more youthful sister Bianca, whom has consistently been increasingly excellent and enchanting. Kate is â€Å"like a wasp, similar to a foal, similar to foal that kicks from his strap; perky, fast and decided, however loaded with great heart.† 1. This announcement made by one creator, shows unmistakably that he doesn't consider her to be wench like, even toward the start of the play. A similar creator expresses that toward the finish of the play she has not so much changed, rather she has quite recently become hopelessly enamo red with Petruchio, fundamentally she is liberated from torment since she is no longer observed as the wench.      In the start of the play Kate is â€Å"consistently contrary to everything around her†2, in the mean time â€Å"Bianca obeys so tenderly and with such sweet accommodation that it is evident why she is Baptista’s most loved daughter†2. Toward the finish of the play, the jobs switch and Katherina is accommodating to each expression of Petruchio and Bianca opposes the orders of her new spouse.      Kate’s first response to Petruchio, her â€Å"mad wooer†, is self centeredness, and even her dad feels that his treatment of her would â€Å"vex a saint†. He removes her from the home she is utilized to, with hirelings and house cleaners to tend to her in every way under the sun, to the nation. There she is away from the lavish town life and is chilly, ravenous and tired. She to some degree figures out how to watch her temper and obey Petruchio with the goal that he will take care of her so she can endure calmly as opposed to pitiably. I accept that his technique for restraining her isn't coldblooded yet compelling. He gives her that she can get a lot farther and carry on with life much more joyful in the event that she is decent and â€Å"entreats† him as opposed to battling him.      One creator (design in cover) says that Shakespeare sees Katherine and Petruchio as in all consuming, instant adoration. He says that their battles are somewhat similar to a game and incompletely a matter of selfishness. He sees Katherine as â€Å"testing† Petruchio ensuring he is â€Å"man† enough to endure the most exceedingly terrible of her and end up being the spouse she requires. Petruchio acknowledge... ...y. She might be accommodating to him, and yet, he is similarly as accommodating to her. I imagine that he didn’t just manageable her, yet she subdued and controls him by make and not viciousness. Katherina isn't the just one in the play to experience a change. Petruchio, before all else went to charm Katherina just for cash. He was offered an endowment by Seignior Baptista to â€Å"get free of† Kate so he could marry his more youthful little girl Bianca to one of her numerous admirers. Before the finish of the play, it is clarified that Petruchio excessively changed and had begun to look all starry eyed at Kate. The relationship that they have toward the finish of the play is genuinely love. The two of them are eager to change to make each other cheerful and the two of them attempt inside and out to make harmony in their family. The amusing piece of the play is that the two of them believe that they have command over the other one.      All in all Katherina experiences a total transformation from the earliest starting point of the play to the furthest limit of the play. She begins a young lady, acting like foal attempting to kick liberated from her tackle and winds up an accommodating, sweet, delicate and kind lady, whom is controlled at this point, controls her better half Petruchio, whom she winds up cherishing beyond a reasonable doubt.

Bad Effects of Smoking Essay Example for Free

Terrible Effects of Smoking Essay Cigarette smoking is typically connected with breathing difficulty and lung malignancy. In any case, smokers are at a high danger of building up a few ceaseless issue. Alongside hypertension, elevated cholesterol, stoutness and diabetes, smoking is a significant autonomous hazard factor for a coronary illness or kidney disappointment. It causes harm by diminishing the oxygen stream to the heart. It expands the pulse and pulse, the two of which are deadly for the heart. A cigarette has numerous sorts of toxic substances, including carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, tar and the greater part of all, nicotine. Aside from that, there are numerous different harmful elements of shifting harmfulness. Nicotine is addictive and influences the supply routes in a negative way. Heartbeat builds, hypertension happens and corridors get tightened because of nicotine. Oxygen flexibly to the heart is halted because of carbon monoxide. Blood coagulating and obstructing gets expanded. On account of coronary course, the gracefully of oxygen-rich blood to the heart gets diminished because of narrowing of the supply routes. This strain prompts a chest agony or angina pectoris. Aside from the drawn out awful impacts, cigarette smoking influences the body directly right now of smoking because of the nearness of such huge numbers of toxic substances. Arsenic is a rodent poison, methane is a rocket fuel, alkali is utilized in floor cleaning, cadmium is utilized in batteries, carbon monoxide is a piece of vehicle fumes and hydrogen cyanide is a toxic substance utilized in gas chambers. Each time one breathes in smoke from a cigarette, all these toxic synthetic compounds go into the blood through the lungs in limited quantities. Indeed, even limited quantities of such dangerous toxic substances can hurt the body. Smoking makes one smell horrible, stains the teeth, makes the skin wrinkle and gives awful breath. Holes are discovered multiple times more in smokers than non-smokers. Hormone levels get lower because of smoking. Smokers hack for quite a while. They are increasingly inclined to bronchitis and pneumonia. Smokers fall debilitated all the more frequently. Each time one breathes in smoke from a cigarette, a portion of the air sacks in the lungs get killed. Along these lines, portions of the lungs step by step get wrecked. This hampers exercises like games or singing where legitimate breathing is important. Smoking deadens the hair-like structures called cilia coating the lungs. They become unequipped for clearing out residue particles, smoke and dusts from the lungs. Thus these particles stay for all time in the lungs and structure tar. Cigarettes are as terrible as cocaine or heroin. The toxic addictive in nicotine causes individuals to feel great while smoking. This builds the odds of lung malignancy or emphysema. One winds up being debilitated for a long, long time. Smoke from a cigarette builds greasy stores in the blood and strains the heart. The danger of a coronary illness and atherosclerosis gets irritated because of this. Atherosclerosis is an ailment where greasy substances like cholesterol, cell squander, calcium and so forth are stored along the coating of supply routes in a human body. LDL cholesterol increments and HDL cholesterol diminishes because of smoking. Triglycerides increments and influences the cholesterol levels adversely.

Security Issues Faced By the Business-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the Challenges in Cyber Security for Business. Answer: Presentation Digital security has become a significant issue for business worldwide with money related just as reputational cost of the information braches that make a basic cerebral pain for the board of a business association. Then again, while innovation is helping the business associations so as to upgrade tasks through a few inventive techniques, the quantity of digital security dangers increments. The current examination investigates the goal of doing the task and extent of the undertaking in present and future conditions. What's more, literary works from a few books, diaries, articles and sites are surveyed in the investigation that assists with getting a fitting end from the examination. Venture objective Targets of the task can be recorded as followed. To recognize various sorts of digital security in business To basically break down how digital dangers sway on business To examine the provokes looked by the associations to handle digital security To suggest answers for beating the difficulties Task scope As digital security gets one of the major central focuses about security dangers looked by the business associations in twenty-first century, the task would be useful to discover the components liable for digital security issues in the business association. It additionally causes the association to take vital measures to limit the digital security issues in the business. Then again, looking into on a similar point can get viable data with respect to the theme. Besides, the staffs of the business association can know in regards to the issues and acquainted with the utilization just as digital security laws distributed by the administration and offices to be protected and made sure about on web. Writing survey The Global Risks 2015 report distributed by World Economic Forum (WEF) expressed that there are 90% of undertakings overall perceive that they are not sufficiently arranged for ensuring themselves against digital assaults (Van nook Berg et al. 2014). There is half private company respondents expressed that they had information breaks that engaged customer and worker data. Being client, it is required to consider the proportion of data that is imparting to the associations. In online buy, the business is likely going to have a record of your email address, the spot of habitation; phone number and conceivably installment data can be spilled. Liu and Wong (2017) expressed that cybercrime hurts are relied upon to cost the world $6 trillion by 2021, while associations and government establishments are scrambling to guarantee themselves. By 2019, IT pros anticipate a digital security aptitudes insufficiency of practically 1.5 million open occupations. Seeing the necessity for skilled specialists in the field, North focal University pushed the Master of Science in Technology and Innovation Management program, had pragmatic involvement with Cyber security (Elmaghraby and Losavio 2014). With the digital security field creating, there will be a necessity for individuals arranged to regulate perils, close by key activity aptitudes expected to direct gatherings of able digital security specialists. Take in progressively about the Cyber security degree programs at NCU. Tisdale (2015) expressed that there are a few kinds of assault looked by the association in business, for example, ransomware, disseminated forswearing of administration (DDoS) assaults, hacktivism, insider dangers, counterfeit advertisements and criticism. Ransomware: It ordinarily keeps the clients from getting to crucial data on the machines or systems until giving installment. Then again, digital lawbreakers don't let loose the gadgets in the wake of meeting buy-off (Reddy and Reddy 2014). Likewise, they attempt to blackmail more cash out of casualties. Forswearing of administration assaults (DDoS): The specific assaults are disabled through a few major names over the couple of years. Forswearing of administration assault isn't scaled up to a terabit for every second in a portion of the occasions. The volume just as size of the penetrates can challenge to safeguard the associations. Hacktivism: The assaults are dangering contrasted with the conventional dangers for attempting to say something by hacktivists overrising security instruments. The Internet of Things (IoT): McAfee checks there will be generally 1.8 billion related devices in buyer hands by 2019. Hacking into such systemns will end up being increasingly average over the coming years, with ransomware and hacktivism thought to be key issue zones. There is also a vital security danger, as brilliant contraptions consistently contain a great deal of classified information that digital crooks could get to (Gunes et al. 2014). According to McAfee, a couple of things sold for the present year may have indirect accesses that are introduced through utilizing by hoodlums. Dronejacking: The ventures just as clients are using rambles in new just as existing strategies. The digital hoodlums take advantages of expanding prevalence through hacking into the innovation (Sendelj et al. 2014). A report by McAfee specialists investigated that it is exceptionally simple to assume control over toy automaton and landing it on the top of the business association and hack nearby remote systems. Insider dangers: Rawat and Bajracharya (2015) remarked that associations don't just go up against outside dangers; there is a basic shot of advanced security issues developing inside. The IBM 2016 Cyber Security Intelligence Index found that 60% of information breaks in the previous year were a direct result of insider dangers. Of these, over 66% were people with vindictive risk, while the remainder of the events were a result of incidental entertainers (Sajid et al. 2016). The last implies genuine individuals who inadvertently allowed aggressors access to information, or who fail to take after wellbeing endeavors. AI: Machine learning calculations are helping business associations to perform muddled data assessment endeavors on monstrous measures of data at remarkable paces with unimportant manual data. Mendel (2017) referenced that the innovation is used to distinguish deception, anticipate the accomplishment of promoting endeavors and computerize client items thing suggestions, and also different other creative applications. Then again, McAfee predicts AI will be used to do infringement, for instance, supporting fraudsters in recognizing high-regard centers among tremendous datasets. Portable malware: As a creating number of people use mobile phones to perform normal business assignments, the likelihood that digital crooks will try to manhandle inadequacies in the development rises. Kaspersky Lab starting late revealed that adaptable malware attacks significantly increased in the region of 2015 and 2016, with the firm perceiving 8.5 million malignant establishments (Baylon 2014). The endeavor moreover found that instances of both versatile financial Trojans and convenient ransomware extended by a pace of 1.6 occasions longer than a year term. The importance of framework security just as system security introductory undertaking is something most associations think about. In any case, what is consistently ousted is the way that keeping up an advanced security system is an advancing commitment. The obstruction frameworks or structures and practices are continually progressing as perils appear to be. The business association needs advances toward turning out to be in peril once a condition of carelessness chose. Contingent upon old digital security foundation digital security issues of the association depended. Associations of all sizes need to take measures to make sure about their information from digital lawbreakers. There are ways to deal with secure private information from digital dangers recorded underneath. Present a firewall: Similarly as a real firewall makes sure about an association from spreading security dangers. Furthermore, a PC firewall squares bothersome information and people from entering a business' PC structure from the Internet. When the firewall is set up and working never turns it off of any PC in the business. Set up an Access Control List. This will empower your business' framework chairman to control which delegate approach the PC structure or certain pieces of the PC system and whether they can sign in remotely or just from the working environment. Change the default passwords: A report says that especially are associations fail to change the POS secret phrase word certifications from the creator's default setting to a custom watchword for the association. The report moreover recommends guaranteeing that all third part sellers need tp change passwords too. Develop security polices and commitments. Perceive which delegates need access to the business information and set up commitments with respect to those laborers. The Federal Communications Commission recommends setting a time period a laborer must be in the part before get to rights are surrendered. Develop security jobs and duty: If the business needs to confine the usage of the Internet and online long range interpersonal communication to break time, it is required to guarantee the delegates know the game plan. Use a Web-sifting framework: These projects can square malevolent programming and also from assaulting the framework just as trading off information. Use Internet security programs on each PC: The projects work despite the firewall to help blocking malignant programming from assaulting the PC and bargaining information. Be cautious about shared destinations: if your association uses dispersed sharing, it is required to be aware of the security of such associations and acknowledge what the friend site's protections are. Get cybercrime protection: This kind of course of action covers the commitment of the association by virtue of a digital assault or a data break (Jajodia et al. 2015). A couple of polices can cover lawful risk, direct misfortune just as considerable lo

Describe The Role of the Internet within Business Models - 8250 Words

Describe The Role of the Internet within Business Models (Research Paper Sample) Content: Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u ABSTRACT PAGEREF _Toc472880558 \h 4Background and objectives PAGEREF _Toc472880559 \h 4Chapter one - Introduction PAGEREF _Toc472880560 \h 51.1 Background PAGEREF _Toc472880561 \h 51.2 Rational of the research PAGEREF _Toc472880562 \h 61.3 Research Statement PAGEREF _Toc472880563 \h 61.4 Aims of the research PAGEREF _Toc472880564 \h 61.5 Justifications PAGEREF _Toc472880565 \h 7Chapter Two Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc472880566 \h 82.1 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc472880567 \h 82.2 Internet Business Model Framework PAGEREF _Toc472880568 \h 82.3 Taxonomies of Internet business model PAGEREF _Toc472880569 \h 102.4 Past research studies PAGEREF _Toc472880570 \h 12Chapter Three Methodology PAGEREF _Toc472880571 \h 143.1 introduction PAGEREF _Toc472880572 \h 143.2 Conceptual Framework PAGEREF _Toc472880573 \h 143.3 Rationalization of Variables PAGEREF _Toc472880574 \h 153.3.1 Communication PAGEREF _Toc472880575 \h 163.3.2 Corporate Image PAGER EF _Toc472880576 \h 163.3.3 Revenue PAGEREF _Toc472880577 \h 163.3.4 Human Resource PAGEREF _Toc472880578 \h 163.3.5 Database management PAGEREF _Toc472880579 \h 173.4 Formulation of Hypothesis PAGEREF _Toc472880580 \h 173.5 Research Design PAGEREF _Toc472880581 \h 183.5.1 Sampling PAGEREF _Toc472880582 \h 193.5.2 Data Collection PAGEREF _Toc472880583 \h 203.5.3. Data Analysis PAGEREF _Toc472880584 \h 203.5.4. Quetiontinare Relation to the Conceptional Framework PAGEREF _Toc472880585 \h 203.5.5. Justification of the conceptional framework PAGEREF _Toc472880586 \h 213.6 Ethical Consideration PAGEREF _Toc472880587 \h 213.7 Gantt chart PAGEREF _Toc472880588 \h 22Chapter Four - Results and Discussions PAGEREF _Toc472880589 \h 234.1 Hypothesis Testing PAGEREF _Toc472880590 \h 234.2 Results PAGEREF _Toc472880591 \h 25Chapter Five - Findings and Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc472880592 \h 285.1 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc472880593 \h 285.2 Findings PAGEREF _Toc472880594 \h 285.3 Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc472880595 \h 295.4 Limitations of the Study PAGEREF _Toc472880596 \h 29Chapter Six- Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc472880597 \h 31Chapter Seven - Appendix PAGEREF _Toc472880598 \h 327.1 Research Questionnaire PAGEREF _Toc472880599 \h 327.2 Results of the questions PAGEREF _Toc472880600 \h 347.3 Average values of the data PAGEREF _Toc472880601 \h 357.4 Multiple Regression Analysis PAGEREF _Toc472880602 \h 35ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesThe introduction of internet to the business world has revitalize how the business operations are conducted both locally and global market. The dependence of business on the usage of internet and its related infrastructure has been largely attributed to the increase globalization of market and increase interdependent of one another for day to day operations. This study aimed to find What are the impacts of internet brought onto the event sector organizations in London?Methods and MaterialsFor the proposed research study primary source of information had been gathered through likert questionnaires distributed among 15 small and medium event sector organizations managers operating in London. To analyse purposes Multiple regression analysis was used. The Minitap software was used for this particular analysis.ResultsAccording to the above correlation, coefficient ,P-value and T-value we can determine that communication and revenue generation via the internet positivivly impact on the event organization in the London.ConclusionIn the dynamic world internet is very important to sustain in the dynamic world. Specially who are dealing with the event sector organization in London. Eventhough internet highly impact on different procedures in the event sector organization in London internet has a high impact on communication and the revenue generation. The organizatins which are doing th business in the event sector has concentrate on the internet to sustain in the market. Specially they have make strategies to utilize the internet in the communication metohs as well as the revenue generation streams to get competitive advantage in the London market.Chapter one - Introduction1.1 BackgroundThe introduction of internet to the business world has revitalize how the business operations are conducted both locally and global market. The dependence of business on the usage of internet and its related infrastructure has been largely attributed to the increase globalization of market and increase interdependent of one another for day to day operations. Through the usage of internet organization poses the capability of generating sales beyond the borders of its traditional markets, conduct business transactions in 24 hours and even carry out business operations without the need of having physical business premises. CITATION Kat09 \l 1033 (Burns-Millyard 2009)Global business units inculcate internet and related infrastructure in numerous ways which enable several benefits for organizations. For example, through the usage of internet business organizations possess the ability of connecting with potential market base spread throughout globally and reach these market bases with lower operational cost and increase its local and global market presence leading to increase profitability of the organization. CITATION Lou14 \l 1033 (Balle 2014) Also through the usage of internet would also enable organizations to increase the effective collaboration with suppliers and procure higher quality materials needed for production leading to lower operational and inventory cost. Perhaps this benefit can be attributed as the most significant contribution of internet to business organizations due to the fact that integration of internet would allow organization to increase its awareness of market through in detail market analysis, streamlining internal business processers to save time and reduce labor cost and in deliver superior value added product and services to end consumer.In the context of event management and org anizations involved in event management, internet plays a significant role in its day to day activities. Event management is a service where an organization would provide event management services such as planning, promotion, organization and presentation on behalf of its consumers. These events would vary from different scopes such as sports, art, business, economic, cultural and entertainment etc. In order to successfully conclude an event, organization who undertook the project need to ensure the laid down objectives of the event is fully achieved during the pre developed milestones.To do so one of the key mechanisms utilized by the event management organizations is the use of internet. Through the internet, these organizations could not only effectively communicate and coordinate different suppliers in different geographic regions, it would also enable project management teams to gather and store data through effective data base management systems, increase awareness among gener al public through marketing and web based promotional campaigns and carry out state of the art visual designing as done by world famous theatrical art and performance group Cirque de Soleil. CITATION Avi15 \l 1033 (Dan 2015)1.2 Rational of the researchRole of internet plays a key role in many industries, especially so in the event sector. Event industry which can be broadly subdivided into Sports, Business and artistic events is largely depended on the internet for success and failure. For example, the success of London Olympic event back in year 2012 was largely attributed to the strategic use of internet from gathering sponsorships to acquiring and coordination of suppliers spread throughout globally in order to successfully complete the construction of Olympic stadium and event locations on time at required quality standards.The main focus point of this research study is to identify the attributes which the internet brings upon the organizations operating in event sector in Lond on and the level of positive and negative impact it creates upon the business. As mentioned earlier, in todays highly competitive business world, internet plays a key role in the success and failure of an organization and as such it is imperative the management of organizations clearly identify the importance of internet and the strategic use of internet to obtain better outcome for the organization from internal and external environment.1.3 Research StatementBased on the above given introduction to the research topic and rationale of the study, the author of this study can establish the research statement as follows.What are the impacts of internet brought onto the event sector organizations in London?1.4 Aims of the researchBased on above developed research statement, the author can develop the research objectives as follows. * To identify the key roles played by the internet in event sector organization in London. * To identify the positive and negative impact created by the inte rnet on even sector organization in London. * To identify suitable recommendations for event sector organizations in amalgamation of internet for day to day operations.1.5 JustificationsInternet plays a significant role in business models operating within the event sector. A success or failure of an event would largely depend on its ability to attract viewers and in order to attract viewers it is compulsory that event sector organization establish a strong internet presence. By establishing a strong web presence, event sector organizations posses the capability to disperse information for wider audience creating wider awareness among the target consumers and attract them for events creating higher sales and profitability. As such one of the main justifications of undertaking this research study stems from the internet and its importance as a medium of communication...

Essay about Freedom of the Press - 5620 Words

Freedom of the Press Although a cherished right of the people, freedom of the press is different from other liberties of the people in that it is both individual and institutional. It applies not just to a single persons right to publish ideas, but also to the right of print and broadcast media to express political views and to cover and publish news. A free press is, therefore, one of the foundations of a democratic society, and as Walter Lippmann, the 20th-century American columnist, wrote, A free press is not a privilege, but an organic necessity in a great society. Indeed, as society has grown increasingly complex, people rely more and more on newspapers, radio, and television to keep abreast with world news, opinion, and†¦show more content†¦Every freeman has undoubted right to lay what sentiments he pleases before the public; to forbid this is to destroy the freedom of the press: but if he publishes what is improper, mischievous, or illegal, he must take the consequences of his own temerit y. But what constituted blasphemous, immoral, treasonable, schismatic, seditious or scandalous libels? They were, in fact, whatever the government defined them to be, and in essence, any publication even mildly critical of government policy or leaders could lead to a term in prison or worse. In such a subjective judgment, truth mattered not at all. The American colonists brought English common law across the Atlantic, and colonial officials had as little toleration for the press as did their masters back home. In 1735, the royal governor of New York, William Cosby, charged newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger with seditious libel for criticizing Cosbys removal of a judge who had ruled against the governors interests in an important case. Under traditional principles as enunciated by Blackstone, Zenger had a right to publish his criticism, but now had to face the consequences. However, Zengers attorney, Andrew Hamilton, convinced the jury to acquit Zenger on the grounds that what he had published was true. Although it would be many years before the notion of truth as a complete defense to libel would be accepted in either English or American law, the case did establish an important politicalShow MoreRelatedThe Freedom Of The Press1124 Words   |  5 Pagesoften looked at as one of the most important, protecting the right to pr actice religion, to assemble, to petition the government, and the freedom of the press. 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Reflective Poetry Essay - 757 Words

Reflective Poetry Essay Composing poetry is an artistic expression; subsequently it’s a way of conveying everything that needs to be conveyed and finding importance in expressions. Through poetry words are illuminated to form a picture, express feeling and share a thought in so few words. Putting down on paper all the emotions going through ones head is a way of re-living and remembering the overwhelming emotions they grapple with throughout their lives. Poet Michelle Williams states that: â€Å"†¦. humans have always grappled with overwhelming emotions. Throughout history we have expressed these emotions in many ways, such as through song, music, dance, art and poetry† This is true because putting on paper emotions such as hurt and†¦show more content†¦This stanza returns to the solitude of the lonely wondering cloud. However, the poet has been changed by his imaginative experience involving the daffodils and the accompanying bay waters. Loneliness is now a peaceful solitude. 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Journey to Sakhalin free essay sample

The purpose of this report is to comprehensively analyze and assess the investment venture of Royal Dutch/Shell in the Russian Oil Industry, with specific focus on the Sakhalin II Investment project, operated through the subsidiary of Sakhalin Energy Investment Company (SEIC). This analysis will commence with a revision of the political risk assessment pertaining to Russia, and will continue from that platform by an identification of likely factors and situations of potential conflict. Such information will then provide the basis for developing the risk avoidance steps that the company can take in order to protect itself from excessive exposure. In the first instance the report will seek to structure the necessary risk mitigation during the transitional aspect of taking further steps to the second phase of Sakhalin II. In the final instance the report will continue by formulating the measures required to reduce the impact of political risk, after the investment is fully undertaken. Conclusive premise(s) can then be provided to complete the report. POLITICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF RUSSIA Considering the reality of Russia’s political past, and its struggles encountered during the transitional period of the early 90’s towards democracy and free market system, it would be reasonable to project that a significant level of obstacles for business enterprises, particular foreign businesses exist. Analyzed from a political perspective, five factors may be suggested that when assessed can help to define the level (and perhaps more appropriately), the nature of the political challenges and risks that a foreign firm would face. These five factors are: A. Historical Foundation – The political, as well as the related aspects of social, economic and even cultural experiences that Russia would have had for the years. (The period from the end of the Second World War could be used for a definitive time line). Assessment Reference IBS/July 2009/2_Donovan A. The present (referring to the time of the case, say mid 2003, and or dates previous to this when initial investment opportunities were being contemplated) level of discomfort that has, or potentially can, manifest itself in the populace reacting forcefully to real or perceived societal inequities C. Economic Condition – The health and condition of the Russian market, in terms of growth in productive output, the supply and demand for goods and services, relative to the ability of individuals to afford them. D. Legal Platform – The body of laws that regulate the operation of business in general and that determine the operations of foreign entities within Russia in particular, and the extent to which these are relevant, enforceable, as well as facilitative or restrictive. Utilizing the five factors listed above, an attempt will be made below to rank these in terms of their importance, by giving them a numerical rating between one (1) and ten (10). A number value will also be assigned to each factor between zero (o) and two (2), which intuitively defines the impact of that ‘political factor’ on the operation. It would be important to note the difference between what is coined as ‘rating’ and ‘value’ for the purpose of this analysis. Rating is the degree of importance assigned to the factor, where it is ranked generally, on a scale above. This weight affects the overall impact or result, which is the product of rating and value (the specific value of a factor as is extrapolated from case information concerning the state of affairs in Russia at that time). The potential conflicts that the company may encounter based on the reality of the analysis above, falls into three major categories. These are as listed: 1. Conflict of the company’s policies, objectives and interests with the legal foundations of the federal government, in spite of the Production Sharing Agreement (PSA), in light of the legislative commitment to rationalize it as a prevailing legal contract 2. Ideological conflicts with the local authorities on the island of Sakhalin, as well as state agents and administrators of the bureaucratic system of both the local and central government. 3. Conflicts arising from opposition by other business entities, local enterprises or even potential competitors who may be jealous of any perceived lucrative gains Royal Dutch Shell (and its other business partners) may be able to enjoy in the future. There is a fourth area which cannot be ignored, and that comes from the pressure of social groups and none governmental organizations that may have particular social and environmental concerns. In light of the general categories being provided, it would nonetheless be prudent for this report to outline with a little greater precision the areas of potential conflict that fall under one of the general categories above: The existence of conflicting legal premise and principles between the PSA and other legislative acts Assessment Reference. Moore_7558334 The opposing presence of power brokers in business and government who are against the ‘spirit’ of the PSA The oppositions from persons with political seats in the Russian parliament. Even if favourable laws/amendments were to be drafted and tabled in the house, these persons would attempt to block their passage. Possible negative reaction from local groups in Sakhalin Island who may feel that their interest were undermined, or they were not represented adequately in an egalitarian distribution of benefits Concerns and variations on elaborate technical detail. Could be used as a tactical maneuver by technical opponents to confuse decision makers in government, by overwhelming them with detail that they may have difficulty comprehending Social groups and NGOs (likely with international connections or affiliations) that purport social and environmental concerns regarding the impact of the project activity Of a certainty most of these can be neutralized or somewhat reduced if the latitude exist for developing and implementing mitigation measures. It should be recognized however, that with some political conflicts there is little that Royal Dutch Shell will be able to do to protect itself. Assessment Reference IBS/July 2009/2_Donovan A. Moore_7558334 POLITICAL RISK MITIGATION MEASURES There are seven political risk mitigation measures that the company had already incorporated into its initial agreement and mode of operation: 1. Tax exemptions that offered some level of insulation from exposure to regulatory cost 2. Some level of guarantee of investment recovery built into the PSA contractual framework 3. Sourcing of funds from multiple international financial sources, that assist in diversifying the narrow identity of the company, to appear like a true international investor 4. Temporary ownership rights with pre-conditions for titled transfer to Russian Federal government 5. Fixed tax rate on profits allows for more structured and reliable business planning 6. Support of social development through education and infrastructural development on the island of Sakhalin – this does purchase some amount of acceptance both in the local and federal government 7. External third party mediator should the necessity of arbitration arise Regardless, there are other steps that can either solidify and or further compliment the set of political risk mitigation already in place: A. A request that the PSA document be amended to include a very clear and comprehensive outline of the methods and processes that will systematically facilitate the tax exemptions, as well as the means or instruments of refund, should any such regulatory cost be incurred B. (This one may be difficult, but is worth the asking) A request for the amendment in the PSA, providing a definitive clause that the legal substance of the PSA takes precedence above any Assessment Reference IBS/July 2009/2_Donovan A. Moore_7558334 and all other conflicting legal acts, specific only to the Sakhalin II development project. This is simpler than other possible amendments proposals C. A clear commitment for agents of the state to honour and conform to the legal requirements of the PSA (to some extent more enforceable with the amendment suggested in (B. ) ), with possible consideration of appropriate penalties for ignoring or violating its foundation. This may seem far fetched and difficult to sell as an idea. The legislators and higher ranking officials could be told however, that Russia has a vision to reach (or one could even say reclaim) its place as a dominant world power. This cannot be done without the capital. In a sense Royal Dutch Shell and its partners are important players and partners in that vision in that they provide the capital – you should not make it difficult for a partner that supports the prime vision for your country, you should support them! When asked what interest would the company have for supporting such a vision, the negotiators should remind the politicians that the company is a set of business people seeking mutually beneficial business opportunities; the interest is not world politics – the interest is a symbiotic relationship. Assessment Reference IBS/July 2009/2_Donovan A. Moore_7558334 D. In the same way that the company explores and identifies its alliance with persons in government and the supporting ministries and groups that appear to be on the side of SEIC, the company can develop a similar linkage chart which shows the opposition and how they are linked through the network of the government. A forum or a social function can then be arranged and these officials given special invitations so that their points of view can be understood, and the opportunity can be created to possibly re-align their thinking towards the project, and the company. So supposing that the company arrives at the stage where the investment decision was already sealed and substantial financial investments were already made, and the project is now in progress. The report will as a consequence offer guidelines as to how political risks can be mitigated after such stages. HOW TO AVOID POLITICAL RISK AFTER THE INVESTMENT The items below demonstrate some guidelines for avoiding political risk after the investment is undertaken: In regards to the political constraint of Russian Content, engage in strong negotiation for not only a clear definition of its measurement, but a protective clause which allows SEIC to source the input externally, should local providers fail to meet an established external benchmarked standard A dual structure that spans the geographic distance between Moscow and Sakhalin, with automatic flexibility to shift the political management relationship smoothly should political changes necessitate the switch Submit a proposal for the identification and streamlining of specific government officials who would have the complete authority for granting approval for all the Assessment Reference IBS/July 2009/2_Donovan A. Moore_7558334 technical, political and commercial details surrounding the project with clear outline of how the approval process would flow Explore ways of developing complimentary policies with the political, social and or economic objectives of the Russian Government Partner with the other internal entities (to reduce the cost impact) on social projects that have a wide scale and significant effect with potential for demonstration of good corporate citizenship If there are no issues of legal/official conflict, offer 5% of Royal Dutch Shares in SEIC to top government officials for sale at little below market value. This is not a bribe they are paying for it; if they own it they care more about its success! CONCLUSION It is clear that this ambitious journey that Royal Dutch Shell has embarked upon with its business partners is a very challenging one that presents formidable political challenges. The secret to facing a significant opponent is to preferably be on the side of friendship and cooperation. However should the circumstances shift to a more turbulent ride then remaining flexible and nimble is the way to navigate the path to success. This report provides the some cardinal directions to stay the course, regardless of the challenges.